Means and method for making socketed articles



Nov. 4, 1941.

R. L. wlLcox MEANS AND METHOD FOR MAKING SOCKETED ARTIcLEs 5 Sheets-Sheet. 1

Filed March 16, 1940 ATTO RN EY Nov. 4,1941. wlLaox 2,261,318

MEANS AND METHOD FOR MAKING SOCKETED ARTICLES Filed March 16, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 ATTORNEY Nov. 4, 1941. R. L. WILCOX 2,261,318

MEANS AND METHOD FOR MAKING SOCKETED ARTICLES Filed March 16, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet s -1 79w 75 I: I 6? Y1- 66 67 a9 INVENTOR iP/c/mwz 15:75? M1601 avg TTORNEY 4, i1. R. L. WILCOX 2,261,318

MEANS AND METHOD FOR MAKING SOCKETED ARTICLES Filed March 16, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 I! V 7" i?) /6 1 I 7/ W 47 70 1 5 mF' /9 A r 65/ 59 m .rl g; m

Z9 @2 K 7d 7 6 1 I J E? 705/] @4 I 23 a, 75 t INVENTOR ixc/mawlzsrzfilwz Nov. 4, 1941. R. L. WILCOX I 2,261,318

MEANS AND METHOD FORMAKIYVNG S'OCKETED ARTICLES Filed March 16, 1940 5 Sheets-Sheet s fig- ATTORN EY Patented Nov. 4,1941

MEANS AND'METHOD FOR MAKING SOCKETED ARTICLES Richard Lester Wilcox, Waterbury, Court, as- I slgnor to. The Watcrbury Farrel Foundry and Machine Company, a corporation of Connecticut Application M i-ch 16, 1940, Serial No. 324,367

40 Claims. (01.10-10) This invention relates to a new and improved means and method for making socketed articles such as headless set screw blanks, rivetsand the like, although not limited thereto.

An object'of the invention is to automatically produce such blanks from a wire length on a single machine, with the minimum number of operations, without lossof material, and at a relatively high speed.

As illustrated and described, the invention may be applied to the production-"of a form'of headless set screw, having a socket in one end, shown herein as hexagonal, anda'bevelled edge, or to a rivet or the like, having a socket thereof, such as a tubular rivet.

By the means and method shown-and de-" scribed and with one form otjthe invention, a wire length, preferably cylindrical in cross section, is fed into a header,-upsetting machine'or' I the like, a portion of the inner end is out therefromwhich now becomes a blank. This blank is transferred to tools which press a relatively in one end shallow recess in one end and bevel the adjacent outer edge, and the opposite end-is squared,

so that it is at a right angle to the axis of the blank. Such squaring rectifles any angularity there may be at the end of the blank caused bythe'cut-ofl mechanism. From these tools the;

blank is transferred to another set of tools wherein the shallow recess is formed by pressure and extrusion into a socket of the required depth and of any desired cross section. The socket is formed for a portion of its depth by endwise' pressure and increased to'its full depth by lateral pressure or extrusion. The application 'of these:

pressures first expands the blank, adjacent to the socket, while both ends of the blank are supported, which assuresxits being held centrally.

Thereafter, .the .blank, with the same tools, is

restored to its former shape and the socket in'-.

creased to 'its full depth The blank, is then ejected and stripped from the tools, ready to be threaded by any preferred mechanism (not shown). 7

In another form of the invention, the outer end of the blank may be upset in one or more dies before being presented to the tools forthe socketing operation. The shape of the blank as presented to the socketing tools may be varied Other and further objects will apparent from the following description and accompanying drawings.

To these and other ends this invention relates to means and method for making socketed articles, substantiallyiherein shown and described I and more particularly pointed .out in the claims Referring to the drawings, in which like numerals of reference indicate like" parts in thesev eral figures: A i 1/ Figure 1 is a fragmentary plan view ofk'a head- 1 er or upsetting machine adapted for use in the Y practice of this invention; 1 a a Figure 2fis a fragmentary sectional view, the parts in section being taken generally upon ,line 2-2 of'Figure 1; r 5

Figure 3 is aifragmentary view of a portion of the gate with the punch block and holders associated-therewith; a i i a Figure 4 is a view of a blank as cut from the": wirelength; Figured isa transverse sectionalview'of one set .of. tools and adjacent mechanism, the parts in section .being generally taken upon lineI-B of Figure 1, with the gate," and'punches shown in their'fcrward positions, as distinguishedfrom the rearpositions, .as in Figure 1; V

Figured isvan enlarged sectional view of a blank in a fragmentary portion of one set of Figure 74s a fragmentary .view of the blank asshaped byonej set of tools;

Figure dis a, viewsimilar to Figure, 5 oi! another set of tools, the parts ,in section being" the gate and punches injtheir retracted tions, and a blank being returned through the die ofone set oftools; y

Figure 12 is a fragmentary view of a blank as completed by the means and method herein disfclosedand'readytobe threaded; 1

' Figure 13. is an enlarged sectionalviewof the stripper mechanism, with ,a blank in one posi-.

tion therein; V y Figure 14 is a sectional viewiof, the stripper mechanism, the parts in section being'taken gen]- erally upon line ll -llfofFigure 13; r

Figure 15"is a sectional view similar to vFigure punch 8, with the stripper mechanism in operative position;

Figure 16 is an enlarged view of the socketing die;

Figure 17 is a fragmentary view thereof, the parts in section being taken upon line I 1-41 of Figure 16; I V

Figure 18 is an enlarged sectional view of a blank in a fragmentary portion of the set of tools, as shown in Figure 9, with the inner end in contact with the flaring walls of one of the tools, and the socketing tool in a retracted position;

Figure 19 is another form of this invention, showing some of the tools in section,' taken generally upon line 88 of Figure l with a blank positioned therein;

Movable across the face of the die block I! is a transfer mechanism, consisting essentially of a slide 20 having an opening 3! herein. Fixed to this slide by screws 38 is an extension member 38 having an opening 40 therethrough. The extension member 38 may be integral with the slide ll if desired. The diameters of the open lugs 21 and 40 are substantially the same as that of the wire rod. A detent 4|, movable in the extension member 38, is backed by a spring 42, held with a variable tension by a screw 43. The slide 28 is fixed to a cut-off bar 44 which has a reciprocatory movement in relation to I6 is in register with the opening in the cut-off Figure 20 is a view similar to Figure 19. with 7 some of the parts in different relative positions cated therein;

Figure 21 is a view of some of the parts shown in Figure 20, with the blank partially ejected therefrom: I

Figure 22 is a fragmentary view of an upsetting die with a headed blank positioned therein:

Figure 23 is an enlarged fragmentary view of a headed blank as completed in the tools shown in Figures 19 to 21, inclusive;

Figure 24 is another form of upsetting die with a headed blank positioned therein;

Figure 25 is an enlarged fragmentary view of a headed blank as formed in the die shown in Figure 24, and as completed by the tools shown in Figures 19 to 21, inclusive,

Figure 26 is another form of upsetting die with a headed blank positioned therein; and

Figure 27-is a fragmentary enlarged view of I: headed blank as formed by the die shown in Figure 26, and as completed by the tools shown in Figures 19 to 21, inclusive. a

In the drawings a conventional header or upsetting machine is indicated by the reference numeral ll, having a reciprocating gate ll actuated in the usual manner, with a die block l2 held rigidly bya, wedge It or the like. On the face of the gate II a punch slide I 4 is movable transversely thereof by mechanism not shown, but well known both in structure and operation. on this punch block are two punch holders I! and I6, fixed in adjusted positions by bolts ll. or the like. Within the punch holder i5 is a punch II and. inthe punch holder I are the punches l8 and 20 and stripper mechanism 21.

In the die block is a cut-off die 22, between which and the backing plate 23 is a quill 24, having an opening therethrough that is preferably larger than the rod or wire length '25. Through this quill and the cut-ofl die the rod is successively advanced by feed mechanism (not shown) until the inner end thereof projects be Yond the face of the cut-off die 22 a predeter-;

mined distance and engages a stop 11, fixed in 3,3; A combined punch and knockout pin I! isslidably mounted within the filler block 33, block II and die 26, the outer end of which is coned substantially as shown in Figure 6.

die 22 and opening ll in register with the recess 29 in the die 2.. When so positioned, the wire rod is fed forward through the opening 3'! until it engages the stop TI. The slide now moves inwardly and that portion of the wire rod projecting beyond the face of the cut-off die 22 is cut therefrom by the slide and is carried thereby into register with the recess in the die 26. A view of this cut-oi! portion, now a blank, is shown in Figure 4. When the blank, just severed from the wire length, is in the position substan tially as shown in Figure 1, the gate has moved forward and the punch il engages and pushes the blank out of, the slide 28 into the recess 21 in the die 28; The punch pressure continues until some of the parts are in substantially the position shownin Figure 6, at which time the inner end of the blank has been recessed by the coned end I! of punch 24, the adjacent edges thereof beveled by the flaring throat Ill of the recess 2!, and the outer end of the blank has been squared bythe punch ll so that it is at a right angle to its axis. Such squaring is only necessary if perehance the end of the blank is cut at a slight anglawhich sometimes happens, due in a large measure to the character of the metal in the rod. While the punch I8 is moving inwardly within the recess 29, the combined punch and knockout pin 34 is held rigid. However, as the gate I I returns to its rear position the punch I8 is withdrawn from the die 28 and slide ll, followed by the blank, shaped as in Figure 7, which is projected through the recess "under pressure of the punch and knockout pin 34. After the punch I! has been withdrawn from the slide 36, and before the blank reaches the slide, the latter is moved until the opening 31 is in register with the opening in the die .22 and the opening 40 is in register with the recess 2! in the die 26. when soregistered, the blank is projected into the opening 40 and therexheld under slight pressure by the detent ll and spring 42. .As the coned end of the punch 34 projects into the inner end of the blank the punch is projected a slight distance beyond the face of the die 26 as the blank is ejected therefrom in the latter moves forwardly to eject the blank from the die 28 (see Fig. 5).

Within the die block l2 a sleeve 46 is threaded, and concentric therewith is a backing sleeve 41.

'Movably mounted within the sleeve 46 is an inner die ll, which is constantly under the pressure of a spring H, which surrounds the bined punch and knockout pin 55;

41. The forward end of the die 48 projects -recessin the rear of'the .die' carrier i, holdin'grthe outer die 84 through whichis' an opening 52 of greater length than the blank,

and concentric with a similar opening in the die 48. New dies 84 as replacements or with an opening therethrough of a clifierentdiameter or shape, may be inserted in the die carrier 5l as desired. The inner end of the opening 52 has a rounded or extension throat'51, and the op positely. disposed outer end of the" opening through the die 48 has a throat witha flaring wall 58, substantially as shown in Figure 9, this latter beingat substantially the same relative' angle as the flaring bottom 38 in the die 26.

A collar 53 on the outer die carrier 5| engages v a lip 54 in the sleeve 46' (Figure 1) that limitsthe axial movement of the die carrier ii in onedirection. p n

Projecting through the sleeve 50 is a com- The outer or socketing end 58 of this punch is substantially hexagonal in cross section with its tip cloned, as is the punch 34. This socketing end 56 projects into the cavity between the dies 84 and 48" (Figure 1) before it is engaged by a blank that is projected through thedie 84.

A knockout rod 82 is slidablymounted in the fixed sleeve 85 and within the inner end thereof is aspring pin 86, the outer end of which is in engagement with the knockout pin 55. Outward movement of the spring pin is'limited by the bushing 88 fixed in the end of the knockout rod, ends. spring 9| between the collar 8'Iand;

the button 90 urges the sprlng pin outwardly.

Theknockout rod 92 is actuated'in timed rela-,- tion to other parts-by mechanism not, shown. both as to structure and opera but well known tion.

As the gate ll moves forwardly, the punch l8 engages the blank in the opening 40 and pushes it out of the extension member 38 and into the opening 52 in the outer die 84. This pressure is' continued and the coned recess in the inner end of the blank engages the coned tip atth end of the socketing-punch.- This punch then the socketing punch to recedeuntil the bevelled inner end of the blank engages theflaring wall 58 in the die 48. The blank is now;supported centrally at both ends, in the die 84 at one end and by the flaring wall 58 in the die #48 at the other end. As thus supported, a central socket is assured. While in this position only a rela-' tively short'portion of the outer end 60 (Figure of the blank remains in the opening 52, this latter portion retaining its original shape.

When the blank is in engagement with and supported by the inner "die 48, as described, the

spring pin 86 has been. pushedback by the knockout pin 55 against the tension of the spring 8|, and'the end thereof is in engagement with the button 90. The lmockoutpin 55, with the socketing tip 56 th'ereof,.is at rest andyin' a stationaryposition. During the 'movement of j reduced portion of a sleeve 50 within the backing sleeve inall directions and the walls of the expanded portion of the blank engage the fiaringwalls 51 and 58," substantially as shown in Figure 9.

While under the pressure that causes the bulging or expansion of the blank, the latter isheld cen-' trally and against canting or lateral movement in relation to the axisof either the socketing' punch,

the punch l8, orthe blank itself, thus'assuring a blank with a concentric socket. As the length of the blankfis shortened by reason, ofits expansion under-pressure, the die 84 follows the blank, con-'- stantly maintaining its centralhold upon the end thereof. The width of the decreased; space at this timebetween the diesis shown'in Figure 9.

During operation the two tips 59 of the forked end of punch 28 straddle the extension member 38, engage and move the die carrier 5| a'nddie 84' inwardly. The blank as molded in the tools 'asjust described, is shown in Figures 9 andlO, thehexagonal socket therein being sur rounded'by a bulging or expanded portion. That end portion of the blank designated 68, as before indicated, has retained its original diameter and. is supported in the opening 52 with-that portion in advancethereof supported'axially only by the punch 58 with the bulging portion engaging the extrusion throat '5! and flaring wall 58 with an' open space therebetweenQfAt times a blank only; slightly oversize will overfill the cavity between the diesf84 and48, setting up a very severe bursting pressure, which normally would break "or v damage .the tools. In this device such a bursting pressure would be relieved by the die 48jyieldin'g under its spring pressure without damage or inj jury to any of the'tools. As the gate ll .withdraws, the knockout pin 55 moves forward and forces the blank through the opening 52, the

- Jbulgingorexpanded portion of the blank being extruded as "it passes? through the extrusion throat'5'l. and'is thereby restored to its original diameter; the metal flowing endwise around the hexagonal socketing punch 56 and deepening'the socket. theconed tip of the knockout pin 55 projects into the cavity between the dies 84 and 48 it 'engages'the inner end of the blank as it is projected into the cavity, thus upporting and centering it. .Hence'if a very short blank should perchance pass through the opening 52 intojthe cavity between the dies; it is under control and 50 cannot fall free into the cavity, resulting'in' a glancing or lateral strain upon the socketin'g punch 56; causing it to break or otherwise dam;

age and injure the tools. [This liabilityito damf age 'is increased if perehance the short blank should be cocked sideways or fall out of a central portion. While the blank is being returned through the die 84, the punch holder carrying the pun-shes l9and 2 0is shifted on gate ll, bringing the stripper rnechanism into register with the punch'56 ,,and engaging the face of the outer die 84. This stripper'mechanism is constructed with a s eeve 6l flxedin the punch holder in'any con- 1v venient manner, within which is a cone chuck having two jaws 62, "with a conical exterior which engage conical walls onthe interior of the sleeve.

' These jaws are pressed apart by springs 63in a well known manner, as the chuck is moved in one direction within the sleeve. When the jaws 62* are togethefgthe bore'64 in the rear end of the chuck'is substantiallythe same diameter as that of the blank and the outerend GS-is slightly 4 smaller; A spring 66 surrounds a fixed member s r 61 andengages the chuck jawsandapplies tension thereto, thus tending to maintain the jaws in their forward position. The blank as it moves I limited degree.

through the opening 68, which registers with an. opening in the chuck. and then into the opening 69, from which the blanks fall by gravity into a receptacle conveniently arranged to receive them. It is desirable, while the blankis being extruded, that ample lubrication should be applied thereto. For this purpose, radial openings 19 are provided in the die carrier 5| substantially opposite the face of the inner die 48, and through which are discharge openings 19.

Fixed in the die block, opposite the radial openings 19, is a feed pipe 1i, connected with a pipe 12, leading to a pump. with a suitable valve II therebetween. By this means a constant supply of oil is admitted through pipes H and 12 to the openings 19, where it surrounds the blank and then escapes through the discharge openings II and I8. Notches 14 are. formed in the outer end of the sleeve 48 so as to receive the tips 59 of the punch when in a forward position. The face of the die blookis cut away at", and in the bot-1 tom of which is a recess ll to receive the tips 59 and punch l9 when the gate is in its forward position and stripper mechanism in operative register with the die ll,

In a recess 80 in the face of the outer die I l and die carrier 5| is a flexible member ll, having substantially parallel sides, that is held securely by binding screws 83 within the recess 82, that is deeper than the recess l0, so that the heads of the screws 83 will be below'the face of the die. The sides of this flexible member project slightly over the opposite sides of the opening 52 in die 84 when the opening is unobstructed, substantially as shown in Figure 16. They are spread apart by the blank and punch 2| when the latter are projected into the die opening, and return to their a,ae1,ais

out of the outer die II is projected into the Such action imposes a lateral pressure upon the tip of the socketing punch. with the result that crosswisepressure upon the tip of the socketing,

punch increases as the relative size of the tip decreases. These objections to the heretofore method and apparatus for socketing blanks, and the like. is overcome in this invention by rigidly supporting both ends of the blank during the socketing operation and thus prevents its lateral movement. In the mechanism herein shown the inner ,end of the blank is always supported during the socketing operation.

Another embodiment of this invention, aside from that hereinbefore described, is disclosed in the drawings, Figures 19 to 27, inclusive.

Referring particularly to Figures 19 to 21, inclusive, the structure therein disclosed diiiers from that shown in the prior flgures, in that a floating die holder 94 is substituted in sleeve 46 for the die carrier II and urged outwardly by the spring 49 until the shoulder thereon engages the lip 54. This described position of the floating die holder 94 is illustrated in Figure 19. Within this di holder is a die 95, having an opening ll therethrough terminating in a flaring 99 is the inner die 98, also having a flaring throat Ill. The inner end of the die holder 94 and the outer end of the die 88 are formed substantially the same as the corresponding portions of the outer die 84 and inner die ll. In this embodiment, however, the dies 9! and 99 are secured within the die holder 94 without relative movement. Movably mounted within the die 98 is a combined punch and knockout pin Nil that in structure and formation is substantially the same as the knockout pin I5. except that the socketing end has a conical tip I99. This embodiment of the invention is illustrated in connection with the fabricating of a headed rivet,

although, of course, is not limited thereto. It

original relative position when the punch iswithdrawn and the blank ejected. Inpractice it has been found that if perchance the hexagonal socketing end 56 of the punch should break while the blank is still in the opening I2 of the outer die 84 it has a tendency to jump ahead of the is equally applicable in the making ofsocketed articles, such as flrst above described, or a headless rivet or the like. As shown, the headed rivet is pushed into the die 9| by the punch 33 and the inner .end of the shank thereof is projected into and is supported, within the opening in the knockout pin and out of the die in advance of v the timing of the knockout pin. I The blank under suchcircumstances is liable to be caught on the face-bf the die and punch andcause damage.

Thie tendency, however, is overcome by the flexible member II which applies a slight pressure to the sides of the blank and restrains the action ofgthe blank, holding it in timed relation with thi-knockout punch. In brief, this flexible member is an insurance against damage to the 'dic ll, with the outer'end of thethen stationary tip lllin contact with the end of the shank,

' on. each side of the blankwithin the opening.

tools by a blank when the socketing punch breaks.

It has been the practice heretoforein the manufacti re of socketedblanks, whether the same be nuts, rivets or similar products, to have the Qocketin g punch enter the an! of the blank while such end is unsupported. As the blank is slightly smaller in diameter than the opening inthe die throughwhich it is projected, and the 'outer free end being unsupported. the blank can shift to a This lack of stability invariably results in the end of the blank shifting its position under the pressure of the rocketing punch.

After the parts are in the'position shown in =I'igure 19,. continuedpressure of th punch 93 moves the-die holder 94, dies and 9|, nd

blank, Ill inwardly against the stationary p III, which is thereby projected into the end of the blank, causing theexterior of the blank, adjacent to the outer, end, to bulge or expand, into the cavity between thedies, with the inner end of the blank still retainingits original'diamchar in the opening in the die SI and its original axial position. With the blank held as thus indicated, the tip I09 is projected into the blank a greater distance than heretofore possibla because the pressure is constantly axialandvwith tip I09 of the pin I is projected asubstantial distanceinto the end. of the-blank.-; From the ,position of the parts as there shown the pin- 'I00.moves forwardly, the punch Qilwithdraws,

and the blank is forced through thedie-LSS.

During this movement, the bulbedortexpanded portion of the blank is extruded onto the tip I09 by the flaring or extrusion throat 91 to substantially the same outsidediameter asthe remaining portion of the shank. This extrusion-lengthens the blank and the metal of the outer end is folded around the tip I09, thus increasing: the depth of the socket over that shown in Figure 20.

known. 7 1 q A blank as-producedby the tools as shown in Figures 19, 20 and ,21, is substantially the shape as shown in Figure 23,-having a countersunk opening in the outer end.v A die I for producinga blank as shown in Figures 19, 'and 21, isof the conventional type, with a recess in one end of substantially thesameshapeasthe under 1 I transitory member; for movingfthe companion d e'a limited idi'stance'awa-y fromf t die-L that first engages the 'socketing 'punch'f 'an'd is "slip- .I orted-therebyi 1 3; In mechanism for forming headless'blanks or the like; an outer stationary'die member: "an

outer. die an inner die, each die hav'ing an opent ing therethrough, substantially concentric with [each other, termin'atingin an enlargedfthroat I which-forms acavity when'thedies are'in contact with or substantially "in 'contactwith each 20 I The Iblank is stripped from'the punch by "any convenient mechanism, one form of which is wellportion of the head and'in whicha substantially II square faced knockout pin I02 is movably mount- V I opening etherethrough," substantially *concen't'ric ed. When used in th header I0 herein, the die I05 is substituted for the die 25,- and any one of several formsof transfer mechanism is substituted for the oneshown and described. r

. To form a blank with a square end'it isfirst' shaped with a bevelled end in a die"I05;'S 1 1bstantially as shown in Figuref24, with such'end against the knockout pin I03. A blankso formed after it has passed through the socketing annexe truding operations has substantially a squaree nd as shown in Figure 25. r To form a blank with an outward'hr 'fiaring end, substantially asshown'in Figure 27, jit is in Figure'26, with the conical e'ndof the knockout pin I04 projecting into the-end of the blank. This invention is capable of numerous modifications and changes withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope of the claims. 7 v

Whatis claimed is:

other; means for mountingsaiddies" intlie-sta- -tionary memberl whereby "the inner die is under constant tension toward theo uter dieya nd transitory means for moving the inner die away'if rom the outer: die.

: 4. In mechanism for forming headless blanks:

an outersdie; an inner die, each die opening therethrough,substantially"concentric I with' each other, tenninatingin an enlarged :throatwhich forms a cavity'when 'thef'dies are in contact-wither substantially in contact with each other; means for {mounting J-said dies whereby the inner die is under constant 'tension' toward :the' outer die; and transitory'meana'for movingthe inner die aw'ay fr'omthe outer die, one of said dies having one or" more channelsfor the flow of lubricantinthat face thereof-adjacenttothethroat. .1

5.:Inmechanism for forming headless blanks; I

angouter die; an inner die, each 'die having an with each other, terminating in an enlarged -throats which forms a cavity when the dies a're in contact with'or substantiallyincontact with eachq'other; means -formounting said" "dies the flowwIof lubricant in that face thereofadiu cent-to the throat; and meansior conveying lu- 1 firstshaped in a die I05, substantially as shown" I 1. The step in the'metho'd'of forming" headless set screw blanks or the like-which consists in projecting a blank of substantially uniform'diameter through an opennig in a die having, an extrusion throat at its inner end, until the inner end of the blank projects in part beyond said throat across an open space between'the die and a companion die and engaging theI-latter, and

thereafter by pressure 'forcing said companion die away from the die and thefblank over-a socketing punch, at the same' time enlarging ,that portion of the blank in said'spaceand finally returning the blankpthro'ugh saidopening and by extrusion reducing the enlarged portion toits original diameter and increasing the depth of the socket. I

2. In mechanism'for forming headless-blanks or the like; a die having an opening therethrough terminating in an extrusion throat at its inner end; a spaced companion die having an opening therethrough with an enlarged throat at the end adjacent to the die; means for movingthe companion die toward thedie; a socketing punch I ing the outer die toward the'inner die.- 5

bricantjto said channels" and'awaytherefrom,

; after passing through said cavity.

[6; In mechanism' for formingheadless blanks;

a stationary member; an'outer die; an'inner'die,

I Ieachdie being within'the'statioriary member and movable, relatively to each other. and-having an s opening therethrough, substantially concentric with each other, terminating in an enlarged throat which formsa cavity when the dies are in contact with orsubstantially in contact with each other;-means forzmounting saiddies whereby the inner die is under constant tension toward the outer die; 'and positively actuated means for mov- 7. In mechanism'forforming'headless blanks; a stationary member; an outerdie; an inner die. each die being within the stationary member and movable relatively to each" other and having an opening therethrough, substantially concentric with'teach other, terminating in 'an'enlarged throat-I, whichv forms a cavity when the dies are in contactwith :or substantiallyin contact with each other; means for mounting said dies wherebyaIthe-inner die is under" constant tension toward the .outer die; positively actuated means forr-moving-the outer die" toward the inner die, comprising in part a member which engages and applies pressure thereto;- anda transitory mem that moves the inner .die away from the outer ber die. I I v 18.;In mechanism 'for forming-headless blanks; a stationary member; an outer die; an inner die,

' movable within the companion die; mean s. as a each die having an opening therethrough, substantially concentric with each other. terminating in an enlarged throat which forms a cavity when the dies are in contact with or'substantially in contact with eachother: means for mounting said dies whereby the inner die is under constant tension toward the outer die and in contact with or substantially in contact with each other; means for mounting said dies whereby the inner die is under constant tension; and positively actuated means for moving the outer die toward the inner die, comprising in part a member which engages and applies pressure to the outer die said inner die maintaining its contact with the blank while the length of the latter is reduced during the enlargement oi! the portion thereof under pressure;

10. In mechanism for forming headless blanks; an outer die; an inner die, each die having'an opening therethrough, substantially concentric with each other,, terminating in an enlarged throat which forms a cavity when the dies are in contact with or substantially in contact with each other; means for independently-supporting the blank adjacent to one of the dies; means for mounting the dies, whereby that die adjacent to the said supporting means will be free to move and relieve any excess pressure exerted by the blank against the dies.

11. in mechanism of the characterdescribed; a transfer slide; an extension member'thereon, both the slide and extension member having openings therethrough of substantially thesame openings for applying lateral pressure to the blank while passing out of the opening, comprising in part a yielding member having oppositely disposed portions each of which overhangs said opening. i

16. In mechanism of the character described; a diehaving an opening therein to receive a blank; and means substantially parallel to said openings for applying lateral pressure to the blankwhile passing out of the opening. comprising in part a yielding member having oppositely a disposed portions, each of which overhangs said opening; and means for securing the member to the die.

V -17. In mechanismof the character described; the combination with a tool having a bank thereon; of meansfor stripping the blank from the tool, comprising in part Jaws having plural openings therebetween, one at one end that is smaller than the diameter of the blank, and another in rear of said opening that is larger than the first mentioned opening.

l8. In-mechanism of the character described, the combination with a tool having a blank thereon; of means for stripping the blank from the tool. comprising in part Jaws having plural openings therebetween, one atone end that is smaller than the diameter of the blank, and another in rear of said opening that is larger than the first mentioned opening, and elastic means for normally separating the jaws.

, 19. 'Inmechanism of the character described, the combination with a tool having a blank thereon; of means for stripping the blank from the tool, comprising in part a sleeve, companion Jaws withinthe sleeve, having plural openings therediameter as the workpiece saidopenings being spaced from each other equal to the space between the center of the openings or the dies; and means, as a detent or the like movable in theend of the extension member, for applying a yielding pressure to a; workpiece while in the adjacent opening. i V

12. In mechanism of the character described; a transfer slide; a separable extensionymember connected therewith, both'the slide and extension member having openings therethrough of substantially the same cross sectional shape and area as the workpiece; and means, as a detent or the like, for applying a yielding pressure to a workpiece while in the opening in the extension member. 1 p

13. In mechanism of the character described; a die having an opening therein to receive a blank; andmeans substantially perpendicular to said opening that is in the pathof the blank, that applies lateral pressure to the blank while moving outwardly from the die. I v

14. In mechanism of the character described; a die having an opening therein to receive a blank; and means substantially parallel to said openings for applying internal pressure tothe blank while passing out of the opening, comprising in part a yielding: member that overhangs said opening. I

15. In mechanism of the character described; a die having an opening therein to receive a blank; and means substantially parallel to said in, one atone end that is substantially the diam- ,eter of the blank and another in rear thereof that is larger; and means to project the laws in one direction within the sleeve.

20. The step in a method of forming socketed blanks from a substantially, cylindrical blank,

whichconsists in expanding by pressure a section of the blank between the ends thereof, the

portions of the blank upon opposite sides of the expanded section and adjacent thereto retaining their original shape and diameter.

21, The step in a method of forming socketed blanks fromv a substantially cylindrical blank, which consists in expanding by pressure a section ofthe blank between the ends thereof, the portions of the blank upon opposite sides of the expanded section and adjacent thereto retaining their original shape and diameter, such pressure being applied at theends of the blank.

22. The step in a method of forming socketed blanks from a substantially cylindrical blank, whichconsistsin expanding by pressure a portion of the blank between the ends thereoi, without changing the shape of the blank at its ends and forming asocket in onefend thereof.

23. The step in a method of forming socketed blanks from. a substantially cylindrical blank, which consists in supporting the blank at both ends thereof, forcing the. same over a socketing tool and at the same time expanding the blank at that portion thereof between the supports oi the blank.

24. The step in a method of forming socketed blanks from a substantially cylindrical blank, which consists in supporting the blank at both ends thereof, forming the same over a. socketing tool, at the same time expanding the blank, at that portion thereof between the supports of the blank, and without changing the shape of the blank where supported.

25. The step in a' method of formingsocketed blanks from a. substantially cylindrical blank,

* which'consists insupporting 'the blank at both ends thereof, forming the same overa socketing tool,; at'the same'time expanding the blanket j that portion thereof between the supports ofthe blank and without changing the shape o'i' the blank where supported, and thereafter by extrusion reducing the expanded portion to substantially the same cross sectional area as the ends of the blank. v

26. The step in a method of forming socketed blanks from a substantially cylindrical blank,

which'consistsin supporting the blank at both ends thereof, forcing the same overa socketing tool, at the same time expanding the blank at that portion thereof between the supports of the blank and without changing the shape of the blank where supported, and thereafter by ,ex-'

trusion -reducing the expanded portion to substantially the same cross sectional area as the ends of the blank and while the socketing tool the'shapeloffthe blank-at its opposite changing 31.{In mechanism of'the character described; the combination with a gtool having va blank thereon; of means for stripping the; blank from i the .tool; comprising in .part Jaws having plural openings therebetween, one. at one ;end that is smaller than the .blankLand one in rear thereof that issubstantially the-diameter of the blank,

the jaws being so arranged that the grip uponthe blankincreases with the difliculty in stripping.

the sameofithetool and which pulls the blank off the tool. parallelto the axis thereof.

p 32. A methodfor forming apblank with a socket and a countersink in one end thereof, which consists in forming a blank with a square end, then] I expanding the blank between itsendsiwithout changing the shape of-such' ends and at the same time forming a socket therein, then by extruding the expanded portion of theblank or causing the metal to flow around and lengthwise of.- thesocketing tool and the end thereof drawn to substanis in engagement therewith, and whereby the the inner ends thereof forming a cavity therebetween and whereby theblank is supported in both dies upon opposite sides of the cavity; a rigid element within which the die holder is mounted;

and means for moving the die holder in one direction within the rigid element.

28. In mechanism of the character described; a die holder; companion dies therein with an opening in each of substantially the same diameter as the blank and an outwardly flaring throat at the inner ends thereof forming a cavity therebetween and whereby the blank is supported in both dies upon opposite sides of the cavity; a rigid element within which the die holder is mounted; means for moving the die holder in one direction within the rigid element; and a socketing punch mounted to move within openings in both of said dies.

29. In mechanism of the character described; a movably mounted die holder; companion dies therein with an opening in each of substantially the same diameter as the blank and an outwardly flaring throat at the inner ends thereof form ing a cavity therebetween; a socketing tool mounted to move in the opening in both of said dies; means for projecting a blank'through one of said dies and the inner end thereof within the opening in the other of said dies and whereby the therein with a cavity therebetween; a socketing,

tool mounted to move in an opening in both of said dies; means for projecting a blank through tially a sharpouter edge, whereby a countersunk portion is'formed in the'end of the blank adjacent to the socket.

33. A method for forming a blank with a square 'end and a socket therein, which consistsin form- 'ing a blankwith a bevelled end, then. expanding the blank between its endswithout changing the shape of suchends and at the same time forming a socket in the bevelled end, then by extruding the expanded portion Iof the blank causing the I metal-to flow lengthwise of the socketing tool and whereby th metal in said bevelled-"end' will flow endwise and form asquare end on the blank 7 djacent to the socket.

34. A method for forming a blank with an out wardly flaring bevelled end and a socket there.-

in, which consists in forming a bevelled end; then expanding the blank between its ends without changing the shape of such ends and at'the same time forming a socket therein; then by extruding the expanded portion of the blank causing the metal to flow around and lengthwise of the socketing tool, the bevel on the blank before the same is extruded being of such length that during the extruding portion there is insufficient metal to flow to the outer-end of the blank and thereby leaving the end of the blank with the socktherethrough with an enlarged throat at that end thereof adjacent to the die; means for moving the companion die toward the die; a socketing punch movable within the companion die that projects into the throat of the companion die when the latter is in its retracted position; f

- means as a transitory member for moving the one of said dies and the inner end thereof within the opening in the other of said dies; means for holding the socketing tool rigid in relation to said dies while the blank is being so positioned therein; and means for moving said dieswith a blank therein as a unit against the end of the socketing tool; and whereby that'portion of the blank within said cavity is expanded without 36. In mechanism of the character described;

a die having an opening therein to receive a blank; 9. yielding member secured to the face of the die and having two'substantially parallel portions that extend across the face of the die adjacent to but inside of the wall of the openings in the die. l

37. In a blank forming mecchanism; a'die having an opening of substantially the same diameter as the blank extending therethrough which is enlarged between its ends to form a cavity; a socketing punch, the body of which is substantially the sam diameter as the said opening and heldfixed in one of its relative positions with the tip thereoi'projectlng into said cavity; and means for projecting a blank into the opening in said die, with the inner end thereof projected into and supported in the opening beyond the cavity, further movement of said means forcing the blank over the tip of the socketing punch and enlarging th cross sectional area of the blank within the cavity while still supported at each end in saidopening.

38. Ihe method of forming headless set screw blanks or the like from a wire length with punch and die mechanism, comprising severing a portion of a wire length to form a: blank, then by pressure in one operation and without changing the diameter of the blank, and while'the same is in the opening in a die, beveling the outer edge of one end of the blank and forming a relatively shallow depression therein and squaring the opposite end by a punch within the opening in the die, so that such end is-perpendicular to the length of the blank, then deepening the depression to form a socket of limited depth and expanding a section of the blank between the ends thereof, with the adjacent portions of the blank upon opposite sides of the expanded section retaining substantially their original diameter, and finally reducing such expanded section to substantially-its original diameter and extending the depth of the socket, both such expansion and reduction being accomplished while the blank is moving in opposite directions in said die.

so that it is perpendicular to the length of the,

blank, all while the blank is entirely within the opening. of a die, then deepening the depression 7 while the'blank is still within said die opening,

to form a socket oi limited depth, and at the same time expanding a section of the blank between the ends thereof with the adjacent portions of the blank upon opposite sides 01 the expanded section retaining their original'diameter and finally reducing such expanded section to substantially its original diameter in cross section and extending the depth of the socket, both such expansion and reduction being accomplished f while the blankis moving in opposite directions in said die. i

40, The step in a method of forming headless set screw blanks or the like from a substantially cylindrical blank, which consists in forming by one pressure operation a bevelled edge onone end of the blank with a relatively shallow depression in the same end and squaring the opposite end so that it is perpendciular to the length of the blank, all while the blank is entirely' within the opening 01" a die, then while the blank is supported at both ends, enlarging by pressure a section of the blank between the ends thereofjthe adjacent portions ot'theblank upon opposite sides of the expanded portion being of uniform diameter and deepening the depression to form a socket, and'flnally by extrusion reducing the enlarged portion to its original cross sectional shape and reducing the depth of thesocket.

RICHARD LESTER WILCOX. 

